[Tuto] Pilotage de moteur triphasé à faible vitesse

Cet article est inspiré du travail de BerryJam -> http://www.berryjam.eu/2015/04/driving-bldc-gimbals-at-super-slow-speeds-with-arduino/

L'objectif de cet article est de piloter un moteur triphasé à l'aide du module driver L6234 conçu par Letmeknow avec un Arduino Uno. Coté câblage, rien de plus simple:

Module Driver L6234	Arduino
GND	GND
IN1	D9
IN2	D10
IN3	D11
EN1	D5
EN2	D6
EN3	D7
PWR	VIN

Pour le moteur, on relie simplement les 3 phases sur les 3 broches P1, P2 et P3.

Coté logiciel, on va rester sur le code proposé par BerryJam:

  
//  
// Slow and precise BLDC motor driver using SPWM and SVPWM modulation  
// Part of code used from http://elabz.com/  
// (c) 2015 Ignas Gramba www.berryjam.eu  
//        
const int EN1 = 5;  
const int EN2 = 6;  
const int EN3 = 7;     
const int IN1 = 9;  
const int IN2 = 10;  
const int IN3 = 11;        
// SPWM (Sine Wave)  
//const int pwmSin[] = {127, 138, 149, 160, 170, 181, 191, 200, 209, 217, 224, 231, 237, 242, 246, 250, 252, 254, 254, 254, 252, 250, 246, 242, 237, 231, 224, 217, 209, 200, 191, 181, 170, 160, 149, 138, 127, 116, 105, 94, 84, 73, 64, 54, 45, 37, 30, 23, 17, 12, 8, 4, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 17, 23, 30, 37, 45, 54, 64, 73, 84, 94, 105, 116 };        
/// SVPWM (Space Vector Wave)  
//const int pwmSin[] = {128, 147, 166, 185, 203, 221, 238, 243, 248, 251, 253, 255, 255, 255, 253, 251, 248, 243, 238, 243, 248, 251, 253, 255, 255, 255, 253, 251, 248, 243, 238, 221, 203, 185, 166, 147, 128, 109, 90, 71, 53, 35, 18, 13, 8, 5, 3, 1, 1, 1, 3, 5, 8, 13, 18, 13, 8, 5, 3, 1, 1, 1, 3, 5, 8, 13, 18, 35, 53, 71, 90, 109};  
const int pwmSin[] = {128, 132, 136, 140, 143, 147, 151, 155, 159, 162, 166, 170, 174, 178, 181, 185, 189, 192, 196, 200, 203, 207, 211, 214, 218, 221, 225, 228, 232, 235, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 248, 249, 250, 250, 251, 252, 252, 253, 253, 253, 254, 254, 254, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 254, 254, 254, 253, 253, 253, 252, 252, 251, 250, 250, 249, 248, 248, 247, 246, 245, 244, 243, 242, 241, 240, 239, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 248, 249, 250, 250, 251, 252, 252, 253, 253, 253, 254, 254, 254, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 254, 254, 254, 253, 253, 253, 252, 252, 251, 250, 250, 249, 248, 248, 247, 246, 245, 244, 243, 242, 241, 240, 239, 238, 235, 232, 228, 225, 221, 218, 214, 211, 207, 203, 200, 196, 192, 189, 185, 181, 178, 174, 170, 166, 162, 159, 155, 151, 147, 143, 140, 136, 132, 128, 124, 120, 116, 113, 109, 105, 101, 97, 94, 90, 86, 82, 78, 75, 71, 67, 64, 60, 56, 53, 49, 45, 42, 38, 35, 31, 28, 24, 21, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 8, 7, 6, 6, 5, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 8, 7, 6, 6, 5, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 24, 28, 31, 35, 38, 42, 45, 49, 53, 56, 60, 64, 67, 71, 75, 78, 82, 86, 90, 94, 97, 101, 105, 109, 113, 116, 120, 124};     
int currentStepA;  
int currentStepB;  
int currentStepC;  
int sineArraySize;  
int increment = 0;  
boolean direct = 1; // direction true=forward, false=backward     
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////     

void setup() {     
setPwmFrequency(IN1); // Increase PWM frequency to 32 kHz (make unaudible)  
setPwmFrequency(IN2);  
setPwmFrequency(IN3);     
 pinMode(IN1, OUTPUT);   
 pinMode(IN2, OUTPUT);   
 pinMode(IN3, OUTPUT);      
 pinMode(EN1, OUTPUT);   
 pinMode(EN2, OUTPUT);   
 pinMode(EN3, OUTPUT);         
 digitalWrite(EN1, HIGH);  
 digitalWrite(EN2, HIGH);  
 digitalWrite(EN3, HIGH);        
 sineArraySize = sizeof(pwmSin)/sizeof(int); // Find lookup table size  
 int phaseShift = sineArraySize / 3; // Find phase shift and initial A, B C phase values  
 currentStepA = 0;  
 currentStepB = currentStepA + phaseShift;  
 currentStepC = currentStepB + phaseShift;     
 sineArraySize--; // Convert from array Size to last PWM array number  
}     
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////     

void loop() {     
 analogWrite(IN1, pwmSin[currentStepA]);  
 analogWrite(IN2, pwmSin[currentStepB]);  
 analogWrite(IN3, pwmSin[currentStepC]);      
 if (direct==true) increment = 1;  
else increment = -1;      
 currentStepA = currentStepA + increment;  
 currentStepB = currentStepB + increment;  
 currentStepC = currentStepC + increment;     
 //Check for lookup table overflow and return to opposite end if necessary  
 if(currentStepA > sineArraySize) currentStepA = 0;  
 if(currentStepA < 0) currentStepA = sineArraySize;     
 if(currentStepB > sineArraySize) currentStepB = 0;  
 if(currentStepB < 0) currentStepB = sineArraySize;     
 if(currentStepC > sineArraySize) currentStepC = 0;  
 if(currentStepC < 0) currentStepC = sineArraySize;      
 /// Control speed by this delay  
 delay(10);     
}        

void setPwmFrequency(int pin) {  
 if(pin == 5 || pin == 6 || pin == 9 || pin == 10) {  
 if(pin == 5 || pin == 6) {  
 TCCR0B = TCCR0B & 0b11111000 | 0x01;  
 } else {  
 TCCR1B = TCCR1B & 0b11111000 | 0x01;  
 }  
 }  
 else if(pin == 3 || pin == 11) {  
 TCCR2B = TCCR2B & 0b11111000 | 0x01;  
 }  }

Pour aller plus loin, vous pouvez joué sur le SVPWM comme dans ce tuto https://electronics-project-hub.com/3-phase-sine-wave-generator-code-arduino/ et piloter la vitesse de votre moteur par un potentiomètre.

  
//-------www.electronics-project-hub.com--------//  
#include "math.h"  

int Output1 = 9;  
int Output2 = 10;  
int Output3 = 11;  
const int EN1 = 5;  
const int EN2 = 6;  
const int EN3 = 7;  
int potVal = 0;  
float A = 0;  
float B = 0.104;  
int Freq_IN = A0;  
int var1 = 0;  
int var2 = 0;  
int var3 = 0;  
int var4 = 0;  
int var5 = 0;  
int var6 = 0;  
float Phase1 = 2 * PI / 3;  
float Phase2 = 4 * PI / 3;  
float Phase3 = 2 * PI;  
boolean toggle = true; // true = Enabling Serial Plotter Output  

void setup()  
{  
Serial.begin(9600);  
 pinMode(Output1, OUTPUT);  
 pinMode(Output2, OUTPUT);  
 pinMode(Output3, OUTPUT);  
 pinMode(Freq_IN, INPUT);  
 pinMode(EN1, OUTPUT);   
 pinMode(EN2, OUTPUT);   
 pinMode(EN3, OUTPUT);   
 digitalWrite(EN1, HIGH);  
 digitalWrite(EN2, HIGH);  
 digitalWrite(EN3, HIGH);  
}  

void loop()  
{  
 A += B;  
 analogWrite(Output1, var1);  
 analogWrite(Output2, var2);  
 analogWrite(Output3, var3);  
 if (toggle == true)  
 {  
 Serial.print(var1);  
 Serial.print(" ");  
 Serial.print(var2);  
 Serial.print(" ");  
 Serial.println(var3);  
 }  
 var4 = 126 * sin(A + Phase1);  
 var1 = var4 + 128;  
 var5 = 126 * sin(A + Phase2);  
 var2 = var5 + 128;  
 var6 = 126 * sin(A + Phase3);  
 var3 = var6 + 128;  
 if (A >= 2 * PI)  
 {  
 A = 0;  
 }  
 potVal = analogRead(Freq_IN);  
 delay(potVal);  
}  
//-------www.electronics-project-hub.com--------//